Thursday, 1 December 2016

Story-telling | Development: Script

After considering my different ideas for a plot, I had decided to focus on the story of Nick, who is waiting to be picked up by his alcoholic mother, when a gang of youths attack him, forcing a homeless man to intervene, leading Nick to sympathise with his mother’s alcoholism.  I began the process of writing the script by laying out how I wanted the story to progress in an outline of the plot:

The story opens on a dark and quiet road, outside a school.  We see the road is seemingly empty, with cars occasionally driving past, with the exception of a teenage schoolboy, Nick, waiting for his mother to pick him up.  We cut closer to Nick, he seems very anxious and aware that he is alone as he is frequently checking his phone to see if his mother has got back to him.  We hear some voices in the distance, which worries Nick even more.  They are not friendly voices, but instead that of a group of youths, shouting, swearing, and being a general nuisance.
Nick decides to try to phone his mother again, no answer.  We cut to a brief shot of Nick’s mother at home, she is passed out with a bottle of wine, and we see that her phone has 12 missed calls, all from Nick.  Back on the street, Nick is frustrated – this is not the first time this has happened, his mother has let him down again, and he knows it’s her drinking to blame.  The voices get louder, and we catch a glimpse of the group in the distance.  Nick is now becoming very anxious.
He begins to walk the other way and turns a corner to an even darker alleyway, where he sees a mysterious and uninvited figure, slouched over the floor, mumbling to himself.  Nick pauses to consider his options: face the group head on, pass the man on the floor, or carry on down the road.
At this point, it is clear the group has noticed Nick, as they have started calling out to him.  Nick freezes and begins to hyperventilate.  He has not prepared for this; they clearly aren’t interested in a friendly chat.  Nervously, Nick looks back at the group, then back to the man on the floor, then down the road, but before he has a chance to decide on his route, a small object hurls through the air behind Nick, going straight for him.  It strikes him on the back of the head, it was a rock, and it hurt a lot.  Nick clasps the back of his head, in shock, and he falls to the ground.  The world is spinning for a moment, and some blurry figures come toward Nick.  They are asking if he is okay, and they seem to want to help, until a cold, wet, and muddy hand pushes into Nick’s face.  One of the youths rubs a pile of mud into Nick’s face, and the concerning questions, turn into laughter and taunts.  Nick looks up, helpless, and begins to cry.
At that moment, we see the figure in the alleyway look up to notice what is going on.  As the jibes continue, the man slowly gets up to inspect the situation.  The youths do not see him as he walks into focus.  The man calls out to the group, which startles them, and they question the man, threatening him.  He has none of it: he puts down his bottle, and reaches into his pocket revealing a knife.  The youths exchange some nervous looks, then hastily walk away.
Nick is left on the floor, tears in his eyes, and mud on his face.  The man comes over to him, and offers him a hand.  The man is wearing dirty fingerless gloves, a ragged old beanie, and a tattered old coat: life has been hard for him.  Nick looks up, and flinches as the man goes to help him up, and he is raised back to his feet.  Nick is taking deep breaths to recover from the panic attack, which the man notices and offers some words of comfort, and a cloth to wipe his face with, which the man lets Nick keep – he puts it in his pocket.  Nick seems calmer, and then looks at the man.
The man seems to have nothing, he is homeless, and he just saved Nick from being beaten up, so Nick feels he owes him something.  He goes to his wallet to give him some money, but as he does so, he notices a pile of empty bottles next to where the man was lying down which causes him to hesitate.  Nick hates alcohol because of the effect it has had on his mother since his father died.  Nick reluctantly asks him what he will spend it on, noticeably looking at the bottles as he says it.  The man realises that Nick doesn’t want him to spend the money on drink, and he gets angry with him, claiming that Nick is just like everyone else for not trusting him with money.  Nick feels anxious again and backs away before the man tells him to go away.  Nick begins to walk home, having offended the man.
On the way home, Nick puts his hand in his pocket and remembers the cloth the man gave him.  He takes it out his pocket, and a small photograph falls out with it.  It shows the man clean-shaven and healthy looking with a young woman, who appears to be his wife or girlfriend.  Nick looks at the photo for a moment, it must mean a lot to the man.  Nick ponders for a moment, and realises that the man has lost this woman from his life in some way or another.  Nick turns around and heads back toward the alleyway the man was sleeping in.
As Nick gets back to the alley, he hears the man crying faintly into a blanket.  Nick steps into the alley slowly, attracting the attention of the man, who looks up to Nick.  He quickly wipes the tears from his eyes and disdainfully asks why he has returned, so Nick pulls the photo from his pocket and hands it to him.  The anger in the man’s face fades to sorrow as he takes the photo back.  He smiles and thanks Nick.  Nick explains that he understands why the man drinks and offers him the money.  The man reluctantly takes it, and thanks Nick.  They nod at one another, and Nick leaves.
At Nick’s house, Nick quietly walks through the living room, so not to disturb his mother.  He pulls a blanket over her, and kisses her goodnight.  As he is about to fall asleep on his bed, he looks to a photograph of a man, his father, beside his bed, and says goodnight.
[Credits Scene] The next morning, in a shop, the man is standing by the drinks section and is contemplating buying a drink.  He stops and takes the photo from his pocket, looks at it, and pull a faint smile, before turning and walking away.
END

This was just for me to use as a guideline so I did not run into any dead ends whilst writing, and it helped a great deal, as I was able to highlight where the most interesting moments come out, and I could establish the pacing of the story.  I wrote the plot outline subjectively, so I could see what the characters were thinking and feeling, although this is something I could not do in my actual screenplay; I had to be entirely subjective.  I did slip up a few times when it came to the actual screenplay, however.


In my first draft, I was able to capture the foundation for my screenplay, but there was still a lot of room for improvement.  I received some good feedback from Steve Coombes which directed me in my improvements for the script:
  • He felt it was unclear whose story I was telling – was it Nick’s or Derek’s? And whichever it was, the main focus needed to be on them.
  • He also said that the initial set-up was too long, and needed to be broken up into more scenes so that there was a greater sense of tension built up.
  • Steve also suggested that Nick and Derek should come together again at the end to add to their understandings of their situations, and to explore the significance of what they have in common.
  • He felt that the first two thirds of the script should be structured like the final part of the script, so that the flow is constant, and not disjointed as it initially was.

He showed me some potential places where I could split up the script, as the first draft seemed mostly to consist of one long scene surrounded by several small scenes.  Therefore the main change I made in my shooting script was to cut up the main scenes into smaller chunks, so that the narrative flowed better and we did not spend too much time focused in one place, or else it would drag out scenes for longer than necessary.

I made most of these changes in the shooting script, which is what I used when filming the first two-minutes of the film:


I added scene numbers, as Steve also suggested, to allow for easier navigation through the script. I also describe Derek’s appearance earlier on, as his first appearance in my first draft introduced him as a ‘dark figure’, which was a little too mysterious for practical use – we would see what he looked like as soon as we see him, describing what he is wearing later on would not add anything to the detail in the script.

Steve also suggested it would be much more impactful if Derek smashed the bottle, rather than just held it out at the youths.  I had thought about this before, but was hesitant to do this, as it would be difficult to achieve in a practical sense, but I reconsidered and worked out how I could film this in a much safer way.

I cut out a small amount of action – Derek putting the bottle in his pocket and walking over to Nick – as it was not entirely necessary, and could make room for more interesting dialogue.

I also removed Nick’s dialogue where he asks Derek what he will spend the money on, as it could be expressed through action better than through dialogue.

These were not all the changes I had intended to make, but for shooting, this was sufficient to move along with.


I wrote the final iteration of the script taking into consideration what I had read in Christopher Riley’s book on screenwriting with regards to formatting directions and dialogue for character names and action etc, as well as things that had come up during the filming and editing process.
I opted to introduce Derek earlier, and in a slightly different way: rather than introducing him through Nick’ perspective, we see him asleep before the youths enter to give a visual parallel between Nick’s mother, Angela, and Derek.  This change came about when editing my film, where it became clear that introducing him later diminishes the sense of tension created as the youths attack Nick.  If we introduce Nick, then Angela, then Derek before the youths come into play, this lays out the story nicely, so we are now considering how each of these three characters will respond to the events that take place, rather than introducing them with the action.

I also played on an idea that Steve had about Nick and Derek coming together again at the end of the screenplay: Nick prints out the picture he has as his phone wallpaper when he gets home, and places it at his father’s grave the next day, and happens to come across Derek at his fiancĂ©’s grave as well, and they both fully appreciate and understand their points of view.  It does seem a little too convenient for both Derek’s fiancĂ© and Nick’s dad to be buried at the same cemetery and for them both to see each other the next day, but from a narrative perspective, it draws the two closer together, and gives a sense of closure.

I don’t feel this story is just about Nick, which I had intended for it to be initially, but as I looked more into Derek’s character, I feel that it is about both of them, and coming to terms with the loss of loved ones, and Nick coming to understand his mother’s alcohol abuse.  Derek is a microcosm of Nick’s mother: completely broken by the loss of the person they cherish most, but still capable of compassion and with a glimmer of hope that the old personality is still there.  Therefore the film is able to compare and contrast how and why Nick and Derek react to the situation; when Nick is attacked, Derek bravely steps in, but towards the end as they find common ground, we see that Derek and Nick are more similar than they initially realised, allowing both the audience and the characters to empathise with one another.


The overarching plot has not changed a great deal since the initial plot outline, but the manner of which I have paced and structured my screenplay has developed to make it more engaging and interesting for both the reader and the audience.

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